Evaluating the Economy of Austria Essay -- Business Marketing Manageme

Evaluating the Economy of Austria   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1995 Austria joined the European Union (EU), and in 1999 they joined the European Monetary Union. The use of a common currency the â€Å"Euro† has facilitated trade and promoted economic stability for U.S. companies to manage pricing, balance accounts, and move products into Austria and throughout the EU member nations (â€Å"globaledge†, 2003). An unfavorable exchange rate for U.S. exporters turned positive in 2003 making the U.S. able to compete on more favorable terms in the near future. Current economic reforms in Austria are increasing the attractiveness of foreign investment. There are several advantages to conducting business in Austria that will be particularly relevant in the year 2004. Austria is an international crossroads bordering on eight European countries which include Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Liechtenstein. Austria’s eastern neighbors, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Hungary will join the EU in May of 2004. The impact of this is that Austria will become more centrally located.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Austria’s market is well diversified and resilient. Government is seeking to remain competitive by pursuing investment in high potential industries such as telecommunications and electronics (â€Å"globaledge†, 2003). United States companies that are in the telecommunications and electronics industries have a great opportunity for exporting, joint venturing, and investment in Austria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The U.S. is Austria’s 3rd largest supplier of imports and largest trade partner outside of Europe (â€Å"CIA†, 2003). U.S. companies entering the market for the first time can benefit from the already established trade lines between the two countries. Austria’s market is highly competitive with high demands placed on quality, service, and price. This type of market is ideal for supporting the favorable reputation of high quality American made technological and electronic products. A US company would be able to compete with EU member nations products by exporting these products to Austria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  US companies looking to export products to Austria are able to employ the services of the Commercial Services of the United States Embassy in Vienna (CS Vienna) acquire the information necessary to begin its operations (â€Å"globaledge†, 2003). The following services would be offered to such compa... ... Austria’s market are very favorable to a US company that is looking to export goods. It is important to remember that while tariffs and value added taxes exist, most many goods do not have tariffs and consumers are willing to pay more for products that they see as inferior to all others. CONCLUSION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately, Austria’s market is very appealing to US companies looking to export technology-based products. This is clear after examining several factors including: marketing and management forces, physical forces, economic and socioeconomic forces, and cultural forces. It is necessary that any company entering the Austrian market be familiar with the pros and cons of all of these forces. Additionally, there are a few key barriers which exist, including the potentially weak Austrian economy, the high tax burden, and new EU members. While these barriers may seem intimidating it is necessary that any US company seek out and employ all of the resources which are available, including the Commercial Services of the United States Embassy in Vienna. In conclusion, Austria appears to be an untapped gold mine for United States companies which are looking to export technological goods.

The Impact of Instant Messaging in the Financial Services Industry: Benefits, Challenges and Recommendations

January 2009 Executive Summary Unfortunately, while Instant Messaging (IM) systems have the ability to change the way financial service companies interact for the better, many of today’s implementations pose problems and challenges to address. IM technology has the benefits of gathering input from many different people in dispersed locations. This adds speed and ease to workplace communication, and presence detection eliminates the time typically lost to missed telephone calls and wasted trips to see colleagues. Speed and efficiency are increased from knowing the status of financial transactions in real-time. A main challenge in financial compliance is the regulatory financial framework, which forces financial service companies to archive IM conversations. Poor management in security and retention controls increases the legal risk and personal accountability to corporate officers. Consumer-grade IM has potential for security breach and the leak of corporate data which can be particularly devastating to financial service companies. IM is widely used to distribute research, negotiate prices, execute orders, and stay in touch with clients and colleagues. It provides a direct mode of communication with co-workers, clients and other broker-dealers that enables far closer and more personal relationships. Imposing an IM ban could result in the loss of clients and valuable employees to competitors who are more tolerant of the use of IM in the financial markets. Key recommendations include: Installing an enterprise-grade IM system for all employees in the firm. The addition of consumer-grade IM for client facing employees to keep client loyalty. Educating employees on a company IM policy including regulatory guidelines and using IM for personal use. Enforcing rules through software that monitors and records IM conversations, and also through disciplinary action. Forming a management team to coordinate a strategic IM plan that meets all regulatory and legal needs and effectively solves the challenges and problems discussed. Continuously investing in new technology, updating IM policy, and educating employees to meet long-term regulatory and security requirements, and issues regarding the future direction of the firm. Introduction Instant Messaging (IM) was the first mass based communication application rolled out by users, rather than management who saw immediate business value in this new form of communication. Financial Industry and Government regulators have clarified IM as a form of real-time written correspondence that creates a business record. This paper seeks to explain the risks and problems IM brings to the financial services industry and challenges for management, such as determining the effect on employee productivity. This paper reviews the benefits IM brings to the financial services industry, in the form of improved communication, collaboration, efficiency, monetary benefits and information archiving. It also discusses the problems and challenges that management should be aware as well as the impact on the business, and makes recommendations for addressing these issues and achieving benefits for financial service companies. The Potential Benefits that can be gained from IM Enhanced collaboration There are many arguments for the use of IM as a communications tool in the business environment, including improved brainstorming capabilities and the ability to multitask. Many workers today use the telephone and IM simultaneously, so they can chat with each other privately while, for example, on a group call to a client. Ellen Isaacs (2005), reports that â€Å"users like that they could respond to quick IM questions from co-workers while engaged in another task, such as talking on the telephone, or processing documents or email. Studies note the ability to multitask is a major benefit of IM in the workplace. Current theory emphasises the value of informal social interactions for exchanging information, collaborating, and initiating spontaneous interactions (Cross & Parker, 2004). IM suggests that systems that depict social cues facilitate information and social interactions, enhancing performance. Over time, people develop comfortable working relationships through prior collaborat ion and through socialising. IM has proven its overwhelming value when it comes to gathering input from many different people in dispersed locations. For example, in financial trading, UBS has created over 5,000 group channels around certain topics like foreign exchange, equities and fixed income. Pritchard (2006) reports that if something's happening in European equities, or in foreign exchange, someone can put it on the chat line and other traders can see it instantly. Improved efficiency Processes that were once agonizingly slow and inclined toward misunderstanding and errors can now be accomplished in record time. Handel (2002) reports how this has led to increased popularity among workers because it adds speed and ease to workplace communication, and eliminates the time typically lost to missed telephone calls and wasted trips to the office of a co-worker who is absent or otherwise occupied. It is clear that IM can be an efficient, thought-provoking communications tool, not only within the office but as a bridge between geographically dispersed locations. Jim Craige (2006) at UBS Investment Bank explains how in fixed income trading, having a secure connection to a network of dealers with whom he's in constant contact lets him take care of business faster, as â€Å"it drastically cuts down on the time it takes† to know the status of transactions. Improved communication IM differs from email, primarily in that its focus is on the immediate delivery of messages. Many also acknowledge the tool as less intrusive and a time saver when compared to the telephone due to the ability to detect the presence of other users. Users can set status messages telling others whether they are available or not, which adds to IM’s value as a skilful means of communication. There is often some type of icon next to the name of their buddy to determine how long the person has been online, and if they are actively messaging or â€Å"away† from their desk. From the author’s experience, this saves on making unnecessary phone calls if you can see that the person you want to speak to is not at their desk. It can be decided whether to contact the person later or send an email, voicemail, or other message that the recipient can respond to later. In other instances, help consists of referrals to others who can provide answers or help solve problems. UBS formed a help desk channel for IT where employees could input trouble tickets (a specific IT problem) through a chat system and then receive real-time feedback on the status of their ticket. IM offers a way to quickly resolve questions and issues as they arise. Cost Benefits IM has proven return on investment benefits in certain situations, such as conferencing. Group members can be conferenced in to a conversation from around the world, which saves on long distance calls and travel expenses. Diseconomies of scale in distance can be solved through IM, due to increased collaboration and the cut in communication costs (Cameron & Webster, 2004. ) According to Saeedi (2005), Morgan Stanley saves $18 million annually by relying more heavily on IM than phone calls, plus another $98 million per year in trimmed travel costs, as there is diminished need for face-to-face meetings. Many analysts see IM as stimulating positive change in organizations because of its rapid diffusion, diminishing costs, and ease of use (Jones, 1998). Information Archiving Archiving IM meetings and conversations has become an essential business process for financial companies, since IM users don’t generally just chat, but they also exchange documents, contracts, trade details and other financial information. Starner, T. (2004) says how â€Å"Instant messages are business records, just as e-mails are business records. † This enables employees to go back and review crucial information (they may have forgotten) that is needed for themselves or that is requested from them. Financial institutions are wary because of regulations where in some areas such as trading they cannot use instant messaging without logging and archiving them. There is also scope for managers to review IM conversations and therefore ensure productivity is not being compromised by personal IM use, and that disclosure and industry regulations are being followed. The challenges and problems with the implementation of IM Compliance Compliance regulations, such as Sarbanes-Oxley, have forced companies to archive IM conversations. This is because an IM conversation is still regarded as a sort of document. Sarbanes-Oxley regulation requires an annual evaluation of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting, as well an assessment for the effectiveness of these controls. As IM is involved in this process, these communications need to be logged, archived and available upon request. Many IT units are having difficulty managing several IM systems installed without their knowledge that are used for both personal and important business communications. For example, Thomas Weisel Partners LLC in San Francisco tried to shut down the use of America Online Inc. ‘s Instant Messenger, Microsoft Corp. s MSN Messenger and Yahoo Inc. ‘s Yahoo Messenger after the 11th September terrorist attacks. However, due to resistance from users, the company was forced to adopt monitoring software instead. Managers are in agreement that in financial services, client facing employee’s need the more popular systems to communicate with customers, so efforts to implement a standard IM p roduct rarely work. Beth Cannon, a former Chief Information Officer at a brokerage explains that â€Å"it comes down to some of our institutional customers who required IM as the method to communicate with them. When a client insists on using a specific consumer-grade IM and management who choose to shut it down, they create the possibility of losing that client. However, if they keep it then they open up the company to risks, as well as additional costs in monitoring, archiving and enforcing policy on the technology. The problem of resistance to the removal of the multiple IM systems can be circumvented to a large degree through the use of monitoring software. More vendors of all sizes, such as Stellar Technologies Inc. are scrambling to build robust tools to monitor IM for financial firms, which must meet new government regulations requiring that electronic conversations be monitored and recorded. When organisations implement information management solutions, they must ensure ade quate management controls. Grace Financial report that their administrative tools are great for inputting problematic key words and reviewing highlighted logs. On the other hand, they also report that they have had limited, if any, issues with misuse – just increased software costs. However, they find that it has come in most useful for reviewing conversations where there is a problem with a client order. There is a significantly increased legal and security risk from lack of user management, security and records retention controls for employee use of instant messaging technologies. Following the lead taken by the New York Attorney General, the SEC (Securities Exchange Commission) has already issued some multimillion dollar fines for non-compliance of regulation (Ministries, J. 2002). In May 2002 Merrill Lynch agreed to pay a $100mm penalty resulting from hyping stocks that internal communications revealed that they knew to be bad. However as part of the settlement Merrill Lynch set up a proper system for logging and monitoring IM. With IM becoming such a popular communications tool, it's reasonable to assume that conversations conducted will, at some point, contain information that is company confidential. Therefore an IM system is needed that provides security for messages as they are transmitted, even if all such transmissions will be within the company’s own network. Goldman Sachs has spent considerable financing on ‘Bond. Hub’ which delivers secure messaging beyond firewalls of new fixed-income product issues. This new software could only be implemented with complete security as they wish to protect their extremely valuable client list. The security of ‘Bond. Hub’ has kept control with the dealers and protects access to the high-value content. The right solution of IM security will depend largely on the value of the data, and the company’s view of risk. Unmonitored, uncontrolled consumer-grade IM, such as Yahoo Messenger and MSN Messenger are essentially open channels between corporate networks and the outside world. This involves an amount of risk that most business leaders are unwilling to accept. â€Å"Instant messaging could be fine between two companies if the data being exchanged is very insensitive,† says Miles Clements, a project manager at an Information Security Foundation. â€Å"But a trader should not be able to use IM to trade with another bank. † It is argues by security experts that free consumer chat programs can tear gaping holes in security efforts. This is mainly because consumer-grade IM allows unlimited numbers of people to connect directly to a corporate network. † This was made evident in a case that occurred at the beginning of 2001, where a hacker stole logs from an instant messaging client belonging to the CEO for a company called eFront which specialises in financial services software. The hacker posted the logs to several places on the Web, thereby creating one of the worst possible corporate nightmares. These logs included sensitive company data regarding business partners, employees and affiliate websites. After the posting of the logs, several members of the senior staff for eFront resigned. There are reports already of cybercriminals and hackers exploiting the growing popularity of IM by using it to introduce viruses or other malicious software into financial firms. The Vice President of a top investment bank had his computer infected by a virus and found that his entire ‘buddy’ list had been sent a record of all his IM conversations. He was fired because of negative comments he'd made about his colleagues in what he thought were private IM conversations. Obviously, for the firm in question the logs leaked several confidential facts that were hurtful to the company’s reputation and future business deals. In spite of this, virus attacks are not yet frequent on IM applications, but the latest threat is likely to send worry in to the mind of IM users and the financial service firms that employee them. IT departments need to take a strong lead on securing IM through many different approaches. However, an outright ban on running IM software is unlikely to succeed or risks damaging productivity by closing down a useful communications channel. It seems that financial companies need to act to assess the state of IM use within their organizations and put into place the necessary measures to make sure their IM use does not run afoul the compliance requirements and vital security needs of the financial services industry. From the author’s own experience at Morgan Stanley, employees have to view and learn several materials and then take a test on the dangers of IM, in order to educate users on correct use and also place more legal obligation on the employee and take it away from the company. Employees can frequently disclose information when they are conducting several different IM conversations at once, and accidentally send a message to the wrong person. Inside information, prospecting information etc. can be leaked in these ways fairly easily, with no malevolent intention on the part of employees. This author has experienced the simplicity of replying in the wrong IM conversation when several conversations windows are open. The leak of valuable corporate data can be particularly devastating for financial service companies. Computer experts have warned that a lot of leaks are actually intentional and that financial service professionals are increasingly using untraceable electronic instant messaging systems to communicate sensitive information secretly. The Financial Services Authority said there had been concerns about instant messaging for some months. However, the City watchdog said its existing rules covering conflicts of interest were sufficient to cover such new forms of communication as IM. In the US, securities regulators have cracked down on the use of instant messaging, when the National Association of Securities Dealers told its members they must save instant messages for three years or restrict employees in using the technology. There is the impression that some companies have banned the use of IM technology. On the other hand, Mr. Palmer of Kroll Ontrack, said it was reasonably easy to place a device on a computer server to divert the messages and search for information. If IM technology is to be allowed then employees need to be advised of its use, due to the interception of private information. There is a mixed view on IM security; however there are solutions to plugging leaks and enforcing policy to keep employees in line with company policy. Productivity Instant Messaging can be a productivity-enhancing tool for efficient financial communications with co-workers, clients, customers, vendors, and the like. Although, Nehra (2005) explains that various reports describe how productivity may be adversely affected by employee abuse or overindulgence in personal instant messaging communications. This presents the major challenge with implementing IM technology into the workplace. One thing that has kept deployment of instant messaging at investment banks a low priority among business managers is the perception that it can distract workers from more critical tasks, says Kim Cross, a VP at Morgan Stanley Investment Management. Many financial companies believe instant messaging detracts from employee productivity and introduces new temptations to converse with others beyond their job duties. From the author’s experience at Morgan Stanley, IM offers the opportunity to converse quickly and continuously with friends in a secret manner that the telephone does not allow and this can decrease productivity significantly. However, a study by the Radicati Group looked at the time it took employees to complete two typical daily tasks—both with and without IM—and found that companies could save an average of 40 minutes a day per user with IM. They estimated that a financial services organisation with 5,000 people could see a $37. 5 million a year savings in productivity. Limitations and communication consequences are a definite cause for concern when implementing a new IM system. Possible decreased worker productivity, a lack of direct communication among colleagues, and misinterpretations can be common place when using instant messaging. Additionally, IM does not give the same personal verbal delivery that direct communication gives. From the author’s experience at Morgan Stanley, IM does not always give the same authority or conviction that a ‘real’ conversation over the telephone permits and so may not make clear enough the importance of particular requests. Although IM may have been initially frowned upon, some managers look at this communication as team building â€Å"because it enables peers to bond and form stronger working relationships. † (Robbo, R). However not all sources concur. Shiu, E. (2004), suggests that in fact, 32% of those individuals who use IM in the office acknowledge that IM can encourage workplace gossip, and 29% note that IM has been a distraction at some point in the past. These extensive risks still do not change the opinion of most executives, who are in agreement, that blocking IM entirely is not an option. The question is how to bring out the benefits of consumer IM while ensuring it is properly managed, secure and compliant. The impact of IM when implemented in financial service organisations The primary reason that IM has been such a success in the business environment is that its benefits, even when weighed against the risks, are both immediate and tangible. Industry-wide effects Centrally managed IM deployments have just begun to take hold in business, says Aberdeen Group analyst Dana Gardner. The rapid increase in the adoption of IM is linked to the fact that recent university graduates have developed a strong affinity for IM. Although there is a strong concern over the security of consumer-grade IM, managers have to accept that IM is a preferred communication technique of young employees. Clients want to use IM and so employers have to set-up and integrate IM in to their firm’s communication network. The clients of broker-dealers will also deal with their competitors, and they don't want systems that only allow them to deal with one company so firms need to meet the IM requirements of clients. Top investment banks now share directories to create an open messaging environment for broker-dealers to communicate with each other and to customers. It even opens up the ability for customers to communicate with other customers. Barriers in the industry have come down as customer and broker-dealers are commingling in one giant address book. IM provides a direct mode of communication with co-workers, customers and vendors that enables far closer and more personal relationships than is available in virtually every other means of electronic communications. This could have the negative effect on the industry of making information more transparent and therefore increase price transparency and negatively affect profit. On the other hand, the increase in real-time communication links to other broker-dealers and clients could mean a larger more liquid market. Performance of employees Business IM allows employees to be more efficient in their work output. Data shows that IM users engage in multi-tasking at a rate considerably higher than non-IM users. In a recent survey, 91% of IM users reported that while participating in IM sessions they also perform additional tasks either most or all of the time (Haskin, D. 2004). However it can be argued that users tend to chat often, setting aside legitimate business tasks in the process. Some employees find it hard to concentrate when messages are continually popping up on screen. If the user has their presence detection on, then colleagues and clients will believe that their message has been received and read, therefore attention needs to be given to each instant message. This could mean an overload of information for the user, continually distracting them from their primary tasks and therefore decrease their performance. However, the more successful employees could use the multitasking capability of IM to take on even more work, and show up the less successful employees. This in turn could create the effect of preventing those less successful employees from wasting time using IM for personal use. The multitude of information sources that broker-dealers have competing for their attention could definitely result in a negative impact on performance, as incoming messages add to the pile of e-mail, news summaries, and other data that competes for the users productive time. Therefore management needs to maintain whether some users perhaps require IM and others do not, and if they do, to enforce rules and policies to battle the challenge of productivity. This policy along with many other things, would need to drive home this point that the organisation provides IM to boost business productivity, not as a diversion from work. It needs to be instilled into employee’s that policy will be enforced to coerce users from personal IM use. Given the chatty nature of IM, some would argue that it is bound to have a negative impact on performance, as employees chat about personal matters throughout the workday. Although personal chat with other employees throughout the day could help forge more inter-firm relationships, and this ollaboration could have a positive impact on overall company performance as more and more employees in different teams are being brought together. Therefore the firm needs to find a way to manage this balance between business and personal conversations. This seems unlikely to be controlled to a large extent and so a large amount of trust will be left with the employee. Internal and External Relationships IM appeal s to broker-dealers because they feel that IM delivers a necessary advantage that e-mail and the telephone cannot match, which is speed. They believe that they will not get clients if they do not use the technology. Banning IM seems a possible solution to the risks of IM, however it may not be so easy to enforce. Many broker-dealers facing the financial markets, where seconds make the difference between profit and loss, may be reluctant to part with consumer-grade IM. The impact of banning consumer-grade IM across the board may trigger a revolt among employees and the clients they are in regular IM contact with. Therefore imposing an IM ban could result in the loss of valuable employees to competitors who are more tolerant of the use of IM in the financial markets. As discussed in the previous section, personal use of IM can be used to help forge relationships with colleagues. These same personal conversations can be transferred to those employees who are client facing and used as ‘business’ conversations in order to build and maintain relationships with clients. The fact that IM conversations can be left open so that brokers can maintain an on and off dialogue throughout the day with their client adds significant value. Previously a broker could not call up a client to, for example, make a flippant remark on current news but this can now take a few seconds to write it in an open IM window and their client could view this while multitasking. This casual dialogue can help maintain client loyalty with is the crux of sales in the financial services industry. Not surprisingly, the vast majority of employees believe that the use of IM within their organisation improves productivity, external relationships, and their efficiency. More significantly, however, is that even business managers and IT personnel who are aware of the risks posed by IM, overwhelmingly favour its use noting that the added â€Å"real† business performance more than offsets the potential risks. Management Recommendations Managing the problems and challenges associated with implementing IM This author recommends a dual approach in response to the challenge of the multitude of IM programmes in the company. Primarily, installing an enterprise-grade IM system (an internal instant messaging system where messages can be encrypted) for all employees. Then employees can be allowed to communicate confidential information internally, but only in the guidelines of the company’s written policy. The second approach is to allow client-facing employees consumer-grade IM who insist they need it to keep client loyalty, even though consumer IM tools travel across the public Internet (not encrypted). Monitoring and security can then be focused more on these employee’s who potentially open the organisation to security breaches such as eavesdropping, accidental confidential information loss, and also the risk of intentional information leaks. This can be further facilitated by the installation of content filters to capture messages that use potentially problematic words like â€Å"rumour†. Then these IM conversations can be reviewed to ensure that neither laws nor corporate policies are broken. Achieving the business benefits of IM Instant messaging use is recommended to communicate instantaneously with other brokers, dealers, clients and other third parties so that client loyalty is increased through immediate responses and colleagues can get answers from client questions in real time. IM should be used as a less intrusive method of avoiding tasks, as a broker can use IM simultaneously with chatting on the phone and e-mailing. IM presence detection should be used so that it is possible to see whether clients are online and open to chat and brokers can determine whether they are available to incoming IM transmissions. This can be reflected through IM settings such as â€Å"away† and â€Å"in a meeting† which lets the user know that the instant message may be read or acted upon. In addition managers can quickly see who is online at the office at any given time. Employees can also be strategic in the way they contact their colleagues by first checking they are online before, for example, calling them. IM should be used to avoid the cost of travel and group conference calls through multiple people joining in on real-time IM conversations. Also whilst travelling, employees can engage in IM conversations with clients and colleagues to facilitate the efficiency of information flow. All conversations should be logged for at least three years due to compliance so that after the instant message vanishes, after it is read, and its window closes, employees can go through archiving and find the message again if they did not note important information from the conversation that they need. Further to this archiving should take place to meet industry regulations and as possible evidence to future litigation. Controlling the transition and longer term issues Once the extent of employee’s IM use is identified, the transition should be controlled through developing a strategic IM management plan. A team should be formed, comprising of risk management, compliance and litigation in order to structure a companywide policy so the firm meets finance regulations, and information security needs. Senior Management should lead the IM management controls through bridging the gap between problems and recommending effective tools to manage those risks, such as retention and archiving tools as previously discussed. New financial regulations would need to be adhered to in existing business activity and also reviewed in new financial markets. Therefore future investment in new technology is vital to help maintain IM use and abuse. The firm will need to develop effective, accessible IM tools to meet future needs of broker-dealers who rely on IM for internal and external communication. Employees need to be trained and kept up to date with regulatory guidelines and retention rules. Long-term issues of security will need to be constantly addressed. Those employees who are using consumer-grade IM offer the constant possibility of data theft and electronic eavesdropping. IM needs to be constantly updated with the latest antivirus software to protect from viruses and other threatening security breaches that might be able to penetrate the firms firewall. Finally, if the direction or structure of the firm changes then IM policy must be changed to meet this. References Electronic journals Mearian, L. (2004) IM Spread Causing Management Headaches. Computerworld. [online] 38(49), 7. Available from: http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=35=759250251=1& sid=6=3=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1231380861=5238 [Accessed 4 January 2009] Cameron, A. F. & Webster, J. (2004) Unintended consequences of emerging communication technologies: Instant Messaging in the workplace. Computers in Human Behavior [online] 12, 143-160. Available from: http://www. citeulike. org/user/boosda/article/2722853 [Accessed 4 January 2009] Schmerken, I. (2001) Parlano to extend real-time collaboration to mobile finance users. Wall Street & Technology. [online]. 19(4) 54. Available from: http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=0=70505919=1=5=4=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1231380676=5238 [Accessed 4 January 2009] To, Pui-Lai. et al. (2008) An empirical investigation of the factors affecting the adoption of Instant Messaging in organizations. Computer Standards & Interfaces [online]. 30(3) 148-156. Available from: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6TYV-4PJM9MP1=122878=03%2F31%2F2008=1==search=d=c=C000010119=1=0=122878=081247999793b8e298770009727d9918 [Accessed 17 November 2008] World Wide Web Isaacs, E. et al. (2005) The Character, Functions and Styles of Instant Messaging in the Workplace [online]. Available from: http://www. ics. uci. edu/~jpd/classes/ics105s03/readings/isaacs-character-function-cscw02. pdf [Accessed 10 December 2008]. Bird, D. (2003) Choosing an Instant Messaging System [online]. Available from: http://www. instantmessagingplanet. com/enterprise/article. php/11208_2236051_3 [Accessed 15 December 2008]. Nehra. (2005) Instant Messaging In The Office: What To Know and Do About It [online]. Available from: http://bostonworks. boston. com/nehra/112805. shtml [accessed 29 January 2007]. Shapiro, D. (2004) Instant messaging and compliance issues: What you need to know [online]. CTO. Available from: http://searchcio. techtarget. com/news/article/0,289142,sid182_gci967281,00. html [Accessed 05 January 2008]. Shiu, E. et al. (2004) How Americans Use Instant Messaging [online] Available from:

The Walt Disney Company’s Corporate Culture Essay - 663 Words

The Walt Disney Company’s Corporate Culture Kyle Thomas Corporate Analysis – Section 239579 Corrie Kelly Due: 4/18/12 The Walt Disney Company has been an industry leader in the majority of its business segments for many years now; a success which is due largely to its unique history, heritage and corporate culture. Consumers and businesses alike around the world refer to the â€Å"Disney Standard† of doing things, demonstrating the high level of regard in which they hold us and the overall effectiveness of TWDC’s business plan. Through the hundreds of positions within TWDC, the main commonality is that each cast member has been entrusted with the preservation of Walt’s legacy. That guiding principle is†¦show more content†¦Though some corporate â€Å"belt-tightening† is obvious through the segments in response to the economic recession, the company still focuses on maintaining a positive and supportive environment for its cast. As with any company, the interests of an employee can determine which aspects of the organization appeal to them most strongly. In other words, an employee’s experience is what they make it. This is especially true with TWDC in that there are so many areas for cast members to take the initiative to better themselves, as well as their community and environment. While some employees prefer to focus on their work, others can choose to take advantage of additional training and other extracurricular activities. Compared to the other employers that I’ve worked for, TWDC definitely stands out. While it’s true that TWDC has far more to work with in the way of resources, the effort is still being made to appeal to each cast member, while the other companies for whom I’ve worked have focused exclusively on the bottom line. Because I’m a continuing-education student with experience in a professional career, participating in the College Program hasn’t been as much of an eye-opener for me as it has for some of the younger students. That being said, I’veShow MoreRelatedDisney And Excellence : Walt Disney Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesDisney and Excellence The Walt Disney Company’s passed and present actions, programs, and corporate culture demonstrates the company’s commitment and appreciation for excellence. The spirit of excellence - which is woven into the fabric of Disney - began with the company’s founder Walt Disney (Wise, 2014). His dream of excellence was so immense and pervasive that it invaded every aspect of the company. 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Horizontal structure is based on departmentalization or subdividing the organization into subunits (Bateman amp; Snell, 2011). The Disney Company has five business segments: interactive media, studio entertainment, consumer products, parks and resorts, and media networks. These departments are grouped by product which is a great

Democritus of Abdera and the Discovery of the Atom

Since the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus of Abdera first discovered the atom, man’s interest in the atom has only increased as studies of it continued. Reaching its pivotal point of advancement during WW2, as Einsteins work was finally put into practice as scientists from the U.S detonate the first nuclear weapon, which unintentionally, later ushers in a cold war. After the cold war, the development of nuclear power leads to serious complications as several units fail, making people question its use in modern day society. Democritus of Abdera was a greek philosopher born around 460 BC, a cheerful and blissful man. He was one of the two founding fathers of the Atomic Theory. His thought process on the theory, was that matter was comprised of tiny building particles called atoms. This theory was widely questionable at this time. As people were not very well accustomed with accepting new ideas, and/or new concepts of philosophy and science. This theory was only partially co rrect, and as scientist of the more modern age began to look deeper into Democritus’s work, they begin to make new theories and hypothesize new ideas about the atom. Which later on, would lead to the development of the atomic theory and the most accurate description of the atom with the work of Niels Bohr. Nearly 2000 years forward, past the philosophies of Democritus, Bohr, and other atomic theorists, the bloodshed of World War 2 hit its peak. The United States of America was caught in a twoShow MoreRelatedThe Creation of the Modern Atomic Theory Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pagestheories overlap. Introduction All matter is made of atoms. Water, food, clothes, furniture, and everything surrounding us, including ourselves, human beings, are made of atoms too. An atom is the smallest particle contained by matter that still retains its physical and chemical properties. (Introduction to Atoms, 2014.) The atomic theory is a theory which states the structure, properties, and behavior of an atom. (Atomic Theory, 2014.) Democritus, Dalton, Thompson, Millikan, and Rutherford, wereRead MoreAtom History Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesAtom History Essay An Atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The Atom was theorized by a man named Democritus of Abdera, Thrace in between c.a 460 BC - ca. 370 B.C. Atom is derived from the Greek word â€Å"atomos† , which means to be uncuttable. He had a theory that everything is composed of â€Å"atoms†, which he believed that these minuscule objects are indivisible, indestructible and have and always been in motionRead MoreDemocritus As The Father Of Modern Chemistry Essay Outline1572 Words   |  7 PagesDemocritus (460 BC- 370 BC) (Abdera, Greece) - Democritus was a Greek Philosopher who was the first individual to utilize the term atom. He imagined that if you take a bit of matter and divide it and keep on dividing it, you will eventually come to a point where you could not isolate it any longer. This principle or fundamental unit was what Democritus called an atom. He called this the theory of the universe: †¢ all matter compromises of atoms, which are bits of matter too little to be seenRead MorePeriodic Table Research Task2751 Words   |  12 Pagesatomic mass’. (3 marks) i) 1) Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms. 2) Atoms cannot be destroyed or created but can be rearranged during chemical changes. 3) Atoms of a particular element are identical in mass, size, shape and other properties. 4) Atoms of different elements are different in their mass, size, shape and other properties. 5) Atoms cannot be divided into smaller particles. 6) Atoms of different elements combine in small whole-number ratios to form compounds. Read MoreThe Theory Of Atomic Theory Essay2125 Words   |  9 Pagesup of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. This paper will discuss its beginnings and some of the scientists who made major contributions to how it is defined today. Background Since the earliest of times, scientists and philosophers have known that the universe is more than just what it appears to be, but instead there is a deeper, more complex makeup beneath the surface. The ancient Greeks called it â€Å"the four elements†2, though some, like Democritus, believed that everything was made of tinyRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atom1384 Words   |  6 PagesAn Atom is the the basic building block of all matter. Atoms are made up of Particles, called: Protons, neutrons and Electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, the neutron carry s a neutral charge and the electron carry’s a negative charge. The Atom has two main parts the Nucleus and the Electron Shell. The Nucleus contains the Protons and Neutrons. The electron Shell Contains the The electrons. There are many Scientist that contributed in the investigation of the atom which are: 1- John Dalton

Personal Note On Philosophy Of Life - 1527 Words

Philosophy of Life My sentiment of the meaning of life and what is good in my life has changed dramatically over the past five years. Living through some major tragedies has given me a greater appreciation for my relationships with my family and friends. Having close friends, a loving family, and good relationships with my coworkers are of highest importance in my life, along with my faith. A clean house and an accumulation of â€Å"things† is no longer on my list of priorities. I hope to be remembered for my empathy, kindness, faith in God, and persistence of pursuing my educational and professional goals, no matter what hardships that I have faced or will encounter. These attributes take precedence in my life. Dealing with my husband s illness for two and a half years, and then finally his death, has been a difficult and trying time for our family, legally, physically and emotionally. During that time, I made a decision to return to school [to protect and enhance my career and to direct my focus in other directions]. I managed to visit my husband almost every day, spent time with my aging parents, worked full time and was available to support and be supported by our children. My family and friends are continually telling me that I am an inspiration to them, which encourages me to work even harder toward my goals. It s especially inspirational to me when my children tell me how proud they are of the strength that I ve displayed during these trying times. Although atShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Voltaire Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesof philosophy and the pursuit of its insights have been a goal of humans for ages and will likely continue to be for the foreseeable future. Why is it that so many people in history would choose to continue to dedicate time and resources to the understanding of things that we will likely never be able to have definitive answers about? Socrates and Voltaire were notable philosophers of not only their own times but still wel l respected today. Not only did both seek knowledge through philosophy themselvesRead MoreThe Philosophical Question Of Personal Identity1683 Words   |  7 PagesPHIL 2300: Beginning Philosophy 07 December 2015 Who am I, and How Do I know Myself? How the Philosophers Explain this Question of Personal Identity The philosophical question of personal identity is double faced. 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Dostoevsky’s personal life experiences and the philosophical movements of his time influenced his works by shaping the subjects he discussed and the charactersRead MoreEthical Egois m, Ethical Altruism, And Eudaimonia1660 Words   |  7 Pagesperson for the purpose of this other person’s welfare (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy n.p.). The chapter 5 (115) observes that the term Eudaimonia is a Greek word, that in the past had an association with receiving favors or blessings from the gods. With time there was the dropping of the religious association of the word, and there was association of eudaimonia with having success, happiness and flourishing in life. 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Having a written philosophy is not only considered as an academic exercise but also a requirem ent of professional accreditingRead MoreReflection On Progressivism1379 Words   |  6 PagesAfter completing the survey in the Introduction to Teaching textbook, I learned that my philosophy of education closely correlates with the views of progressivism. My understanding of this philosophy highlights the child as a whole and the importance of active learning that readies students for the world ahead of them. Progressivists also believe that experiences are a large part of a students learning which is why active learning is so common allowing students to learn about themselves and learn

The Framework of Energy Policies

Question: Describe the key global challenges and issues facing the world oil and gas industry and the impact of UNFCCC meetings of COPs (conference of parties) in 2002 on oil producing country (Belize). Answer: Introduction At the starting point of the second decade of the 21st century, the gas and oil industry policies influence different types of aspects global warming. Belize is a small country of United States of America, and its major export is oil producing. Due to the development of infrastructure, the rate of energy consumption is rapidly increasing. In addition, the traditional sources are being dried up, and market uncertainty is sensed all over in the world due to the wave of oil price. As a result, in order to maintain our daily lifestyle, we burn more fuel of fossils. In terms of burning fuels, the temperature level of the earths atmosphere is continuously rising. We need to identify techniques that we be able to get the benefit as much as possible from the energy assets accessible to our communal requirements and our financial to give out in the at hand and within a reasonable time-frame as cost-productively as possible. In other words, while at the same time moderating desolates of energy value instability and the natural effect impacts of fossil fuel use? What part would we be able to play to guarantee to prospect time is has not yet dispatched toward reduced ways of life or even mass tragedy gave the method should be prickled and utilized energy now. However, they give steady provisions of expert and spotless energy? Moreover, which kind of chances would to manufacture from our remarkable circumstances as a general energy of nation in the request surrounding territory of Central American? Effective and reasonable energy needs to be produced, and manufacture usefulness inside in the system of energy supply chain(s) by utilizing "successful standards plus elegant arrangement structures". Actual reason for the achievement along these lines needs to display a draft National Energy Policy System (NEPF) that puts Belize on a way to vitality productivity, manageability. On the other hand, this is entirely talking not an arrangement archive, but rather maybe an archive th at gives arrangement proposals to strategy producers and in a suitable situation partys talk about the advantages and disadvantages of different arrangement instruments that can be utilized to accomplish approach destinations. It is consequently a proposed guide of how quick and where we have to go, as well as it also concludes how we can arrive and what it will take for us to arrive. The framework of energy policies Energy is a basic element for development, flourishing and social value inside also, across over countries. Many studies proved that when doubt in creating nations and rising economies, individuals who have admittance to critical edge types of energy, for example, power. In other words, additionally have access to better financial open doors and better social insurance administrations along with better training. The expenditure of energy to society is enormous. In other words, energy production and distribution process expend assets, acquire misfortunes (of energy), and can bring about trouble and harm to people. Apart from that, the environment got tremendous damages due to the pollution of gas and oil industry. In a specific manner, some of these procedures utilize a lot of regular assets, for an example land and water. However, it is bringing about the elimination of individuals and abundance. In addition, energy supply procedures are frequently remarkably contingent on basic inputs that must be sourced from distant suppliers or that might be rare supplied. Apart from that, along these lines depiction the area, and by expansion, the economies are more powerless against external price shock and supply conflicts (Jones, 2011). Energy efficiency The phrase energy effectiveness is utilized inside of a contracted circumstance. In last few decades the efficiency of energy concluded efficiency of supply-phase energy. On the other hand, the effectiveness of changing over an element of information force is playing a significant role into valuable power. Nowadays, the energy efficiency center is moved towards converse surface of range due to ending-utilized efficiency of energy. Apart from that, effectiveness of energy is best knowable and considered for a whole energy production network or the whole energy division (de Spibus, Sterk and Tuerk, 2013). Energy sustainability Sustainability includes three types of significant key measurements: A procedure or production network used for a specific power structure is measured financially reasonable if advantages of power makes a difference to deliver. Another twist of advantages is that provides help to meet the economy as an entire. It is environmentally practical on the off chance that it causes insignificant trouble or harm to individuals and the environment over the long run. On the other hand, it is socially convenient on the off chance that it enhances a base that not damaging the livelihood aspects of deprived people and other edges of the humanity. In other words, it either by furnishing them with more prominent openness to and moderateness of advanced energy shapes or by creating financial movement inside of their groups (Spilsbury and Spilsbury, 2012). The link between energy sustainability and climate change The vast majority of present day power is causes from fossil energy like oil, coal and organic gas. In addition, flaming of fuels of fossil also produce to deliver electrical energy, such as in planes for transport vehicles, marine vessels and in modern engines. They discharge a huge volume of gas into the earths atmosphere. There many harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are discharged from those processes. Carbon dioxide occurs automatically from us in the earths biosphere and environment. The biosphere of earth stocks up the carbon dioxide from incorporate trees and creatures, mud, seas, astound and fossil petroleum stores. In addition, the rate of carbon dioxide increased from the atmosphere of earth keen on biosphere and seas and elsewhere of earths biosphere and according to part of the common cycle of life seas are going into atmosphere of earth. In other words, the convergence of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of earth had been stayed decently co nsistent. Moreover, streams all through the fossil fuel stores specifically had been unimportant as this development through the years awaiting the Industrial Revolution occurred. On the other hand, it had been begun blazing fuels of fossil. On the other hand, to maintain the global temperature, the gas and oil industry prevent the sequences of events and reduce the organic wastages (Spilsbury and Spilsbury, 2012). Moreover, they have reached successfully to the level of consensus that plan supportive actions to cut back our use of fossil fuel. Apart from that, the activity to remove or reduce all in all GHG is released from the fuel of fossil, it should be taken as the initiative to burn and even capture and sequence the sources of GHGs, which already exist in the atmosphere of the earth. On the other hand, according to the protocol of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, all nations should have the aim to fight against the Global Warming. In addition, to stop ris ky environmental intrusion along with the system of climate, each and every nation should pay more attention to the stabilization of the conservatory gas attentiveness inside the environment of earth. In the year 2005, the Kyoto Protocol was introduced by the UNFCCC, which defined a legally and formal compulsory harmony stuck between 191 nations and entrusting the convinced associates to diminish their emission of the greenhouse gasses with the help of specified target levels (de Spibus, Sterk and Tuerk, 2013). On the other hand, the certain innovative implications might be applied by different countries. In addition, the flexibility mechanism is provided by the Protocol of the UNFCCC. One of the significant factors of flexibility mechanism is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (Jones, 2011). The key global challenges and issues facing the world oil and gas industry The gas and oil industry has been faced many economic challenges and environmental issues. In the last few decades, the global economic growth is rapidly increased but created much considerable pressure on the gas and oil sectors. Moreover, the geopolitics, extreme weather condition and other potentially disorderly factors which influence problems for the gas and oil industry. On the other hand, the countries contain small power over the availability of contribution and cost to their most important manufacture system. In addition, these types of systems have cost market to introduce generation systems that are adaptable. Therefore, these systems are including forms that can be naturally balanced or reconfigured to utilize an alternate or to create an alternate output. The outputs depend on two different factors such as asset accessibility and economic situations. On the other hand, the yields of huge scale creation systems might on occasion price extra to create additional value for business sector is wagering to recompense for parties. Whenever, in some circumstances happen, adaptable schemes might be changed by utilizing an alternate lower costing data, on the other hand, create alternate more attractive outcomes. The global energy trends Fossil fuels keep on commanding energy supplies, meeting more than 80% of the anticipated increment in essential energy request in this scenario. In other words, oil remains the single biggest fuel, with 66% of the expansion in oil use originating from the vehicle division. On another hand, Request comes to 92 Mb/d in 2010 and 115 mg/d in 2030, and the common gas request becomes speedier, driven for the most part by power period. It overwhelms coal as the world's second-biggest essential energy source before 2015. According to the situation, the offer of coal in world essential interest decay a small piece with interest development planned in China and India. Apart from that, the atomic force's piece of the pie decays possibly. As well as hydropower remains in widely stable condition. In the case of hydro renewable that includes followed issues such as biomass, geothermal, sun oriented, the wind, tidal and wave vitality, will stay level at 11%. The impact of recent oil investment Securing dependable and moderate energy will rely on satisfactory investment. The rate of investment in creating unprocessed petroleum generation limit in the Middle East and it is especially crucial for world energy markets. In other words, the current rates of investment in not high enough area to meet the difference that is relied upon to open up between worldwide oil interest and oil production limits in different parts the world. On the other hand, without earnest and sizable increments in Middle East investment which is a setback underway limit will develop. In addition, costs will rise and turned out to be more unpredictable to the long drag financial obstruction of both makers and customers. According to a report of the UNFCCC, under-investment likewise expresses brief security dangers. The rather low level of extra oil generation limit right is affected by any surprising loss of supply. As well as it has come about because of numerous years of under-investment in gas and oil industry (Spilsbury and Spilsbury, 2012). The effects of customer-producer discussion This collaboration influences the case for enhancing market conditions. On the other hand, for more powerful components of these relationships enhance trading data between oil makers and shoppers. Moreover, the instability encompassing the standpoint for worldwide energy markets has rarely important. Therefore, the length of time that the world economy keeps on expands their business. So, we can show confidence about interest for oil, what's more, different types of energy will increase due to that reason. The rate of development in essential energy needs and the blend of energies will rely on upon what move governments choose to make to control interest. The impact of UNFCCC meetings of COPs (conference of parties) in 2002 on oil producing country (Belize) According to this conference of parties, some major decisions regarding national communication had been taken in this meeting such as 10/CP.2, 2/CP.4, 8/CP.5 etc. During the process of reviewing the guidelines to prepare the national communication some Annex and non-Annex I had been introduced by UNFCCC to the parties. On the other hand, Belize is included in non-Annex I parties and it should implement these guidelines in order to improve their objectives, priorities and national circumstances. In addition, the operating entity of financial mechanism is managed by these guidelines to improve the national communication. The main objective of these guidelines is to provide sufficient information to bring out implementation plan and process of non-Annex I parties including Belize (unfccc, 2003). Implementation and effect of decisions on Belize In order to improve the national situation, Belize implemented strategies and measurements such as adaptation to climate change. As well as, they provide transparent and well developed methodologies to reflect their present financial condition. As Belize belongs from non-Annex I parties, so they had to obey decisions and many adverse effects occurred to make suitable inclusion in their communications. Conclusion The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) should call this types useful meeting in every year and aware every nation about the dangerous impact of gas and oil sectors. The earths atmosphere is continuously damaged due to the air pollution. The rate of carbon dioxide is increased because the oil and gas industry burn fuels. In order to reduce the rate of temperature of the atmosphere, UNFCCC introduced some energy policies which are very effective in the climate change. The decisions of UNFCCC seriously influenced the financial condition of Belize because it belongs non-Annex I parties. In addition, the decisions were used to improve the national communication of Belize. References de Spibus, J., Sterk, W. and Tuerk, A. (2013). Top-down, bottom-up or in-between: how can a UNFCCC framework for market-based approaches ensure environmental integrity and market coherence?. Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management, 3(1-02), pp.6-20. Jones, I. (2011). Engineering strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Spilsbury, R. and Spilsbury, L. (2012). Fossil fuel power. New York: PowerKids Press. unfccc, (2003). REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS EIGHTH SESSION, HELD AT NEW DELHI FROM 23 OCTOBER TO 1 NOVEMBER 2002. 1st ed. [ebook] UK: FCCC/CP/2002/7/Add.2. Available at: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/cop8/07a02.pdf [Accessed 5 Apr. 2016].

Money free essay sample

Money. Just the word itself can induce a feeling of excitement, nervousness and power, for me, it says opportunity. Money, theoretically speaking, is just a piece of green paper with someone’s face on it holding no actual value. The faith we put into it and the amount of power we inject into the actual paper makes it invaluable to us. The world cannot survive without money and neither can I, not when I was in elementary school, not when I was in middle school and not when I entered high school. I remember first receiving money from my grandfather and he gave me ten dollars and he said, â€Å"Invest it.† I was about 8 at the time and noticed that with these ten dollars I can make 100 dollars. I bought a box with a unique design on top, some markers and some glue and began to work my magic. The idea was simple: color on the box, put glue on it, let it dry and then peal it off and sell it. We will write a custom essay sample on Money or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was a hit right of the bat in my small community. Kids would knock on my door and ask for this small item, which can practically serve only as a bookmark and nothing more. I sold each slab of glue for 1 dollar. In a month, I made 100 dollars and bought an extra box and my profit doubled. That was my first experience in making money. In my first year of middle school, I studied the general likes and dislikes of my fellow peers and came up with something new to sell: gum. All kids loved gum, it can last, it came in bulk and it had sugar. Every week with my mom, I would attend the grocery store and buy about thirty packs of gum, all different brands and flavors and soon, it was booming business. I would set aside 50 percent of the profit I made throughout the week and buy myself some more gum. I soon realized that I could hire kids in different areas to sell for me. I gave each of my employees’ ten stacks each and give them ten percent of what they made. The idea caught and kids began to copy me and competing for sales and completion emerged. I had to think of a new idea for my profits were dropping. It then hit me like a ton of bricks, the greatest idea in the world, something most kids wouldn’t dare do, especially in their free time: doing homework. Probably one of the most profitable investments I ever made, doing kids homework was a blazing job and not one kid dared follow me. I priced the homework quite cheaply at firs: a dollar a homework. Within the first day I was booked making a large sum right off the start. Although my new ‘business’ just opened up, I raised the prices times five from the first day. I also priced projects 20 dollars that was another engulfing experience. Some nights I would not even sleep but I would be doing projects and homework for students. As high school emerged I put my silly selling methods aside and got a real job. I earned my lifeguard certificate and began to lifeguard making twelve and hour as well as giving tennis lessons to anyone living in the building. At the same time I was working in a clothing store as well as being a seasonal sales representative at Jacob Javitz trade show. Money was almost everything to me and I knew how to obtain it. Bill Gate’s once said, â€Å"If you’re born poor it’s not your fault but if you die poor than it’s your fault.† This quote motivated me throughout high school to make money and be able to pay for some of my own things instead of relying on my parents. Money is extremely important, no matter how cynical or greedy that sounds, the little green paper we put so much faith in, is invaluable. `